$galeazzi monteggia fracture$

Furthermore, we identified a group of three-locker injuries, other than Essex-Lopresti, associated with ulnar and/or radial shaft fracture causing longitudinal instability. We detected rare patterns of two-locker injuries, sometimes referred to using improper terms of variant or equivalent types of Monteggia and Galeazzi injuries. Three historical reviews were added separately to the process. According to exclusion criteria, 44 full-text articles describing atypical forearm fracture–dislocation were included.

$galeazzi monteggia fracture$

ResultsĮighty hundred eighty-four articles were identified through PubMed, and after bibliographic research, duplication removal, and study screening, 462 articles were selected. After article retrieval, the types of forearm lesion were classified using the following numerical algorithm: proximal forearm joint 1, middle radioulnar joint 2, if concomitant radial fracture R, if concomitant interosseous membrane rupture I, if concomitant ulnar fracture U, and distal radioulnar joint 3. Essex-Lopresti injury, Monteggia and Galeazzi fracture–dislocations, and proximal and/or distal radioulnar joint dislocations were sought.

$galeazzi monteggia fracture$

MethodsĪ comprehensive search of the PubMed database was performed based on major pathological conditions involving fracture–dislocation of the forearm. In this study we systematically review the literature to identify and classify all cases of forearm joint injury pattern according to the forearm joint and three-locker concepts. Uncommon variants and rare traumatic patterns of forearm fracture–dislocations have sometimes been reported in literature. Monteggia, Galeazzi, and Essex-Lopresti injuries are the most common types of fracture–dislocation of the forearm.

$galeazzi monteggia fracture$

Galeazzi monteggia fracture